According To Animal Study, Variant Of Mad Cow Disease May Be Transmitted By Blood Transfusions,

� Blood transfusions ar a valuable treatment mechanics in modern medicine, merely can issue forth with the risk of donor disease transmission. Researchers are continually studying the biology of blood products to understand how certain diseases ar transmitted in an feat to tighten this risk during line of descent transfusions. According to a study in sheep prepublished online in Blood, the official daybook of the American Society of Hematology, the risk of exposure of transmission bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, commonly known as "sore cow disease") by blood transfusion is surprisingly high.



BSE is one of a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), and there is no reliable noninvasive test for detecting transmission before the onset of clinical disease. In add-on to BSE, these diseases include scrapie, a close related disease in sheep, and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD) in world, which causes neurological symptoms such as unsteadiness and involuntary movements that train as the illness progresses, rendering late-stage sufferers completely immobile at the time of death.



A new variant of CJD (termed vCJD) was recognised in the United Kingdom in the mid-1990s, apparently as a result of the transmission system of BSE to world. Because the symptoms of this disease can take many days to appear, it was not known how many people power have been infected, and without a reliable test for identifying these individuals, clinicians were very interested that the infection could be transmissible between the great unwashed by blood transfusion or contaminated surgical and dental instruments. As a resultant role, costly dominance measures were introduced as a precautionary measure to reduce the risk of disease infection, although at the time it was unclear whether there actually was a significant risk or whether the control measures would be effective. This sheep study sought to punter understand how readily TSEs could be transmitted by blood transfusion in order to avail develop more targeted controls.



"It is vitally important that we better understand the mechanisms of disease transmission during line of descent transfusions so we can buoy develop the most effective control measures and minimize human-to-human infections," said Dr. Fiona Houston, now a Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK, and booster cable author of the study.



The nine-year study conducted at the University of Edinburgh compared rates of disease transmission by examining stock transfusions from sheep infected with BSE or scrapie; the BSE donors were experimentally septic, while the scrapie donors had naturally acquired the disease. While scrapie is not thought to convey to humanity, it was included as an infection acquired under field atmospheric condition, which could possibly give different results than those obtained from experimentally infected animals. Because of the similarity in size of sheep and humans, the team was able to collect and transfuse volumes of blood equivalent to those taken from human blood donors.



The outcome of the experiment showed that both BSE and scrapie could be effectively transmissible between sheep by blood transfusion. Importantly, the team noted that transmission could occur when blood was collected from donors before they developed signs of disease, simply was more likely when they were in the later stages of infection. Of the 22 sheep who received infected blood from the BSE donor group, basketball team showed signs of TSEs and trey others showed evidence of infection without clinical signs, yielding an overall transmittance rate of 36 per centum. Of the 21 septic scrapie recipients, nine developed clinical scrapie, yielding an overall transmission rate of 43 percent.



Investigators noted that the results were consistent with what is known about the four recorded cases of vCJD acquired by descent transfusion in humans. In addition to the stage of infection in the donor, factors such as genetic pas seul in disease susceptibility and the blood component transfused may influence the transmission rate by transfusion in both sheep and humans.



"The study shows that, for sheep infected with BSE or scrapie, transmission rates via rip transfusion can be high, particularly when donors ar in the later stages of infection. This suggests that blood transfusion represents an efficient route of transmission for these diseases," said Dr. Houston. "Since the results are consistent with what we know about human transmission, the work helps justify the control measures put in place to safeguard human blood supplies. It also shows that blood from BSE- and scrapie-infected sheep could be used efficaciously in nonhuman experiments to answer important questions, such as which blood components are most heavily septic, and to develop much-needed diagnostic tests."





The American Society of Hematology (http://www.hematology.org/) is the world's largest professional guild concerned with the causes and handling of lineage disorders. Its mission is to farther the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and bar of disorders affecting blood, bone bone marrow, and the immunologic, styptic, and vascular systems, by promoting inquiry, clinical care, education, grooming, and advocacy in hematology.



Source: Becka Livesay
American Society of Hematology



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Shaggy To Collaborate With Britney Spears And Robbie Williams

�The original DJ� Shaggy has revealed that he wants to collaborate with Robbie Williams and Britney Spears.


The vocalizer, who is famous for �Mr Boombastic�, said he wanted to take both performers stunned of their comfort zone.


"Imagine Britney Spears doing a hardcore dancehall record, have her doing the dutty wine,� he told the Mirror.


�Or Robbie Williams doing an old classical rubabdub nickname riddim or something like that, something unique. It can�t be just a regular collaboration.�


Shaggy�s greatest hits is out now.

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The Jonas Brothers Visit Their Wax Doubles!

...more The Jonas Brothers �

Ater vast first-week gross revenue of their new album A Little Bit Longer and their massive sold-out tour, the Jonas Brothers have something else over which to celebrate - their very own climb figures.

The boys were pretty chuffed to discover full-sized wax likenesses of themselves when they visited Madame Tussaud�s in Washington DC.

In order for the full statues to look as lifelike as possible, Madame Tussauds stave had to spend hours taking measurements of the musicians - it's a tough problem e.t.c...

The brothers even donated the retro style suits and accessories from their hotly awaited album cover to their waxwork likenesses.

Kevin, Joe & Nick check out their waxworks:

�

Killah Priest

   
Artist: Killah Priest

   Genre(s): 
Rap: Hip-Hop
   

---

Discography:


   
 The Offering

   Year: 2007   
Tracks: 17


   
 A Prelude To The Offering (Bootleg)

   Year: 2006   
Tracks: 26


   
 Black August

   Year: 2003   
Tracks: 14


   
 View From Masada

   Year: 2000   
Tracks: 16


   
 Heavy Mental

   Year: 1998   
Tracks: 20

---

Killah Priest is a tangential associate degree of the Wu-Tang Clan. The Brooklyn native made his first recorded appearances on records by such Wu position projects and solo albums as the Gravediggaz, Ol' Dirty Bastard's Give back to the 36 Chambers, and, to the highest degree importantly, Genius/GZA's seminal Fluid Swords. His contributions became legendary and paved the way for the waiver of his acclaimed debut album, Overweight Mental, in the springtime of 1998.


Natural in Brooklyn and raised in Bedford-Stuyvesant and Brownsville, Killah Priest became in love with rap as a kid, hearing to old school and raw school day acts of the Apostles care Eric B. & Rakim alike. He as well was influenced by local rappers like Genius and Onyx's Suave, wHO would ofttimes play local parties. Killah Priest began working on his rhymed and eventually earned a considerable reputation in Brooklyn, but rather of pursuing his musical career farther, he took a sabbatical in ordering to civilize himself, primarily around religious belief and account.


Killah Priest returned to rapping in 1995, appearance on several Wu projects. All of his cameos were noteworthy, merely his part on Liquid Swords earned special attention. By the end of 1996, he formed his own side project, the Sunz of Man. In 1997, GZA suggested to Geffen that they augury Killah Priest, and the label took his advice. Killah worked on the album with True Master and fourth Disciple, two producers associated with the Clan. The resulting album, Heavy Mental, was dense with spiritual imagery and filled with evocative sounds. It standard splendid reviews upon its March 1998 liberation and was a tidy commercial success, debuting at act 24 on the toss off charts. Killah Priest issued his second record album, Horizon from Masada, in the give of 2000, further bolstering his status as one of the most compelling solo artists in the Wu-Tang stable, a mathematical group that, although he sometimes disjointed himself from, he constantly remained favorable with. Although Position from Masada was well-received, it failed to do well commercially, and Priest moved to Recon for his adjacent record, 2003's Black August. Although he sure wasn't keeping silent in the time that passed, working on real for Black Market Militia and the Horsemen and appearance on legion other albums, it was a few years in front the doorknocker came out with his succeeding record, The Offering, in 2007.





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Mayer Mayhem: New 'Do and a Dreamy Don't

John Mayer is already cheating on Jennifer Aniston�in his dreams.

Concertgoers in Mountain View, Calif., got an earful of Mayer's infidelities last night during a stop on the singer's national turn, where he admitted that Aniston caught him unsportsmanlike in his sleep.

"He was talking around 'dream two-timing,'" an eyewitness tells E! News. "He patently made out with some chick in his dreams."

And what price did Mayer have to pay to his illustrious squeeze?

"He had to do his penance to his girlfriend by singing 'Dreaming with a Broken Heart,'" the looker-on tells us.

While Aniston was not in tow as far as audiences saw, perhaps Mayer's punishment was a little hairier than singing one of his own tunes. We admiration if Jen had anything to do with John's new military-style buzz coif? Hmmm.

Mayer's always been one of our favorite celebs because he reveals so much of himself. But has he now revealed too much of his scalp? Give us your two cents in the comments segment below.

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Bubba Sparxxx

   
Artist: Bubba Sparxxx

   Genre(s): 
Hip-Hop
   

---

Discography:


   
 Dark Days, Bright Nights

   Year: 2000   
Tracks: 18

---

No doubtfulness the first of his kind, Bubba Sparxxx thunderstruck the rap music community -- and soon after, the mass grocery store -- when he emerged extinct of nowhere with Timbaland in late 2001. When his debut single, "Atrocious," strike urban radio, it was unmistakably a Timbaland production -- the "Stimulate Ur Freak On" samples organism a sort of trademark stamp. This drew initial aid to Sparxxx, world Health Organization many initially thinking of as yet some other Dirty South rapper, albeit 1 lucky enough to be the flagship for Timbaland's inauguration Beat Club label. But when the video recording for "Ugly" strike MTV and Sparxxx's face later began coming into court in the press, the dumbfoundment really set in: Sparxxx was not but from the South simply was selfsame large -- and white. In other words, he seemed the antithesis of what a knocker was say to be, and similar to the overnight achiever former white rappers experient -- Beastie Boys, Vanilla Ice, Eminem -- Sparxxx was short more than just an anomaly; he was a bona fide wizard.


Patch Sparxxx's rhymes initially john Drew aid to the knocker -- and truly so -- you can't help merely marvel at his news report. Yes, he was white and big. But he was too from the back country of the South -- roughly as far from the streets as you could get. Born Warren Anderson Mathis on March 6, 1977, Sparxxx grew up in the commonwealth on a scandal road 15 proceedings north of LaGrange, GA, a rural ithiel Town itself 65 miles southwest of Georgia. As you can buoy imagine, he lived a sheltered youth, with his nighest neighbor over a half mile off. Yet it was that neighbour, a black kid, wHO turned him onto rap via mix mail-clad tapes from New York.


Sparxxx's launching to rap music was through 2 Live Crew -- a far stretch along from Rakim or Grandmaster Flash. It caught his attention, though, and presently Sparxxx began broadening his taste for rap music music, taking a particular liking for early-'90s West Coast gangsta rap: N.W.A., Too Short, and Eazy-E. Later, when he ascertained Altanta rappers OutKast, Sparxxx knew his interests were moving into the vanguard of his brain. He began penning rhymes at long time 15 and would struggle with dude rap-minded students at school. His rapping was more of a hobby than a possible profession for Sparxxx at the fourth dimension, though. Throughout high school, football took anteriority over everything else for the young Sparxxx; he played close death and line backer, earning All-Region honors as a senior.


When a football life history never happened for Sparxxx and a brief shot at college didn't hold his interest, he off to tap. His break came when he met Shannon Houchins, a staff producer for Jermaine Dupri's So So Def label in Atlanta. In late 1996, Houchins mated Sparxxx with then-So So Def doorknocker Lil' Devil for a group called One Card Shi. Though the duette did disc some material together, it never sawing machine the light of day and Sparxxx began pursuing a solo life history, working with Houchins again in 1999 on some songs. These recordings resulted in the 12-song Dark Days, Bright Nights indie going on Sparxxx's have Nocents Records. After moving a surprising number of units after getting radio play in the surrounding Georgia field, Nocents became eleventh Hour Entertainment, and the album fell into the lap of Interscope Records head honcho Jimmy Iovine.


Iovine liked what he heard and flew Sparxxx out to California to discuss a label trade. Offers soon came in from a number of labels, and dead Sparxxx's breakthrough seemed just on the purview. He distinct to stick with Iovine's Interscope empire and presently plant himself working with Timbaland. Over the course of deuce weeks, the two recorded half a dozen songs and Sparxxx as well worked with other producers like Organized Noize and Houchins. "Ugly" became the pb single; an crucial video communication Sparxxx's rural, white, country-boy scope hit MTV; the evidence of his breakthrough came when the Interscope reading of Dark Days, Bright Nights debuted at number three on the Billboard chart, qualification him the next in a short name of overnight-superstar patrick White rappers. The follow-up, 2003's Rescue, was an introverted album that set up favor with critics simply failed to sway the public. OutKast phallus Big Boi was a big fan of the album and felt it should stimulate been a score, and that it was exactly handled improperly by the label. He came to the rescue by sign language Sparxxx to his new Purple Ribbon imprint and cathartic the rapper's third album, The Charm, in 2006.





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Young Jeezy Launches Social Networking Site, Gives Away Free Mixtape

Young Jeezy today (June 12) announced the launch of his blog and social networking site called USDA2Day.com.
USDA2Day.com will offer Young Jeezy fans a format to interact and will also providedaily news updates and new music from the rapper and various artists signed to his CTE imprint.
Jeezy, who is currently preparing for the release of his third album, will offer a free mixtape for download via the site on Saturday (June 14th).  The mixtape is titled The Prime Minister.
In related news, CTE artist Blood Raw will be releasing his debut album titled My Life The True Testimony on June 17th. The album will feature appearances from Young Jeezy, Trina, Lyfe Jennings, Big Rube and Mannie Fresh, among others.